By Kate Kelland LONDON | Thu May 17, 2012 8:38pm EDT LONDON (Reuters) – An experimental cancer drug developed by Britain’s GlaxoSmithKline may add vital months to the lives of melanoma patients whose disease has spread to their brains, according to data from an early-stage trial published on Friday. Results of Phase I trial published in The Lancet medical journal showed substantial shrinking of tumors in patients treated with the drug, dabrafenib, and showed promise against secondary melanoma tumors, or metastases, in the brain. Dabrafenib blocks the activity of a cancer-causing mutated form of a gene known as BRAF, which is found in about half of melanoma cases. Results released on Wednesday from a separate trial looking at dabrafenib in combination with another GSK drug, trametinib, were also positive. Researchers said the results of the dabrafenib-only trial, although early-stage, represented an important step forward in the treatment of this deadly cancer. Melanoma is diagnosed in nearly 160,000 people worldwide each year. It can spread quickly to internal organs and average survival is six to nine months. Georgina Long of the Melanoma Institute Australia and Westmead Hospital in Sydney, and Gerald Falchook from the University of Texas in the United States, treated 184 patients with dabrafenib in a Phase I trial — the earliest step of the drug development process in humans. They said some of the most exciting results came from a subset of 10 patients whose tumors had spread to their brains. None of these had previously received treatment for their brain tumors. However, the brain metastases disappeared in four of the patients when they were treated with 150 milligrams of dabrafenib twice daily. Five patients saw their brain metastases shrink, and one had stable disease, where the tumors remained the same size. “The results in the brain were remarkable,” Long said. “I don’t think there is a single other systemic agent that is as active in the brain.” Experts not involved in the trial also said the drug showed promise. In a commentary piece in The Lancet, Geoffrey Gibney and Vernon Sondak from the H Lee Moffit Cancer Center and Research Institute in the U.S. described the results as “impressive” and “encouraging”. Long and Falchook said it was not clear why the drug was so effective in the brain where other drugs have failed, but further trials are under way to try to clarify the mechanism. “The big message is that the brain, with this drug, is just like another organ,” Long said. “If you are going to respond in your lung and liver, you tend to respond in your brain as well.” Unfortunately, for most of the patients with brain metastases, the response to the drug was limited to several months. Long said, however, these few months of extension of life were very rare in patients with melanoma that has spread to the brain. Normally, such patients can only expect to survive for four months from the point of diagnosis, she said. “With this drug, these patients had no progression of their disease for a median of 4.2 months. Without treatment, many of them might already have died at that point,” she said. Two of the 10 brain metastasis patients who received the drug survived for more than 12 months. One was still alive and receiving the drug at 19 months. (Editing by David Hulmes) Link this Share this Digg this Email Reprints

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By Toni Clarke BOSTON | Thu May 17, 2012 7:08pm EDT BOSTON (Reuters) – Osiris Therapeutics Inc said on Thursday that Canadian health regulators have approved its treatment for acute graft-versus host disease in children, making it the first stem cell drug to be approved for a systemic disease anywhere in the world. Osiris shares rose 14 percent to $6.00 in extended trading after the news was announced. Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a potentially deadly complication from a bone marrow transplant, when newly implanted cells attack the patient’s body. Symptoms range from abdominal pain and skin rash to hair loss, hepatitis, lung and digestive tract disorders, jaundice and vomiting. The disease kills up to 80 percent of children affected, Osiris said. To date there have been no approved treatments for the disease. Canadian authorities approved the therapy, Prochymal, for use in children who have failed to respond to steroids. Prochymal was approved with the condition that Osiris carry out further testing after it reaches the market. C. Randal Mills, the company’s chief executive, said in an interview that could take three to four years. Some investment analysts have been skeptical about Prochymal’s future. In 2009, two late-stage clinical trials failed to show the drug was more effective overall than a placebo in treating the disease, though it showed promise in certain subgroups of patients. Since then, the company has mined data from all its clinical trials to show that in patients with severe refractory acute GvHD — those who have more or less failed all other therapies — Prochymal demonstrated a clinically meaningful response at 28 days after therapy began in 61-64 percent of patients. In addition, treatment with Prochymal resulted in a statistically significant improvement in survival when compared with a historical control population of pediatric patients with refractory GvHD. The Canadian authorities approved the drug on the basis of that data, the company said. FDA SUBMISSION THIS YEAR Osiris, which is based in Columbia, Maryland, plans to apply for marketing authorization with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration by the end of this year, including the newly-analyzed information. Mills said that if the FDA were to approve the drug, he would expect it to be on similarly conditional terms as outlined by the Canadian authorities. In general, the FDA does not approve drugs based on subset analyses. Prochymal is made up of bone marrow stem cells derived from an adult donor and is designed to control inflammation, promote tissue regeneration and prevent scar formation. It is not entirely clear how it works to help patients with GvHD, of which there are between 3,500 to 4,000 worldwide, Mills said. Osiris said it will receive at least eight years of exclusivity in the Canadian market. But competition is heating up elsewhere. Athersys Inc said last month it had met with the FDA to discuss the results of a recently completed clinical trial of its MultiStem stem cell treatment to prevent GvHD in patients being treated for leukemia or other conditions that place them at risk of the complication. Dozens of adult stem cell therapies are moving through clinical trials, and Canada’s approval of Osiris’s drug will likely boost optimism in the sector. Stem cells derived from adult tissue such as fat or bone marrow circumvent the ethical concerns raised by the use of cells derived from embryos. In 2008, Genzyme Corp, which is now owned by Sanofi SA, paid $130 million to Osiris and agreed to pay up to $1.25 billion more if Prochymal and another Osiris drug, Chondrogen, designed to repair tissue in damaged knees, reached the market and achieved certain sales levels. In February, Sanofi said it had discontinued its project with Prochymal. Osiris said the statement was issued without its consultation and that it had not received notice from Sanofi regarding the discontinuation. However, the company said that the agreement between the two companies provides that in this instance all rights to Prochymal revert to Osiris without compensation to Sanofi. (Reporting By Toni Clarke; Editing by Tim Dobbyn, Bernard Orr) Link this Share this Digg this Email Reprints

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